From: eric@flesch.org (Eric Flesch)
Subject: Hyperstar Cosmology -- brief summary of incomplete static model
Date: 1998/01/28
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The Image:
A 5-D hyperstar, analogous to a conventional star, but universe-sized.
Our universe is contained hyperbolically within the 4-D space on the
surface of this hyperstar.  Thus the total volume of our universe is
32/3*pi^2*R^3, which is the derivative of the area of the hyperstar's
surface.  Thus both hyperbolic and spherical curvatures are features
of the universe.

The hyperstar radiates and has a dynamic topography, similar to a
star.  Its radiation passes hyperorthogonally through our universe
into the beyond.  The CMB is the ghostly image of this radiation, as
only the merest fraction reflects into our universe.

Gravity:
Gravity stems from the centre of the hyperstar.  Masses in our
universe are drawn to the hyperstar, and so press down on the
hyperstar's surface.  Thus the hyperstar's surface equates to
Einstein's 4-D gravitationally-influenced manifold, and it is seen
that gravity is a force external to our universe.  Thus mass does not,
after all, gravitate, and this is why attempts at GUTs must fail.

Gravity decreases with elevation from the hyperstar's centre.  Thus
general relativity is simplified by linearly varying the value of G
with the local topography, but without affecting the large-scale
homogeneity of the universe.  The rolling dynamic topography, with
areas of greater and lesser gravitational potential, explains galactic
distributions throughout the cosmos.

History of Matter:
The hyperstar injects matter into our universe, volcano-style, and
galaxies are the results of large such injection of matter "poured
into the universe", as James Jeans ventured.  Quasars are large such
events at large distances, or smaller events where observed to be
ejected from the nuclei of nearby galaxies.  AGNs and QSOs therefore
have gravitational towers at their centers from which matter "falls"
into our universe.  An observable prediction of this model is that
small reflections of distant objects will be visible, GR-style, on the
flanks of some quasars.

Matter is returned to the hyperstar at the centres of black holes
where matter passes through singularities out of our universe.

Redshift:
Gravity and time are orthogonal characteristics of the same force, and
are hyperpolarized according to the hyperorientation of the
hyperstar's surface.  Thus time at another location is seen to flow at
the rate 	t = t(0)*tan^2(A) ,  where A is the hyperangle between
us and the site observed.  This slowing of time causes the redshift,
and explains both cosmological redshift and the redshift of the
quasars, since quasars are offset by the hyperangles of their
volcanic-style slopes.

This cause of redshift and the hyperbolic curvature of the universe
account completely for the angular size - redshift correlation and the
number count problem.

The Incompleteness:
If A sees B as slowed and B sees A as slowed, then there is a time
difference between them which increases linearly with time.  This is
incompatible with a static model.  It would seem that any solution to
this problem would adhere to Haldane's dictum that "the universe is
not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we *can* suppose".
Thus this Hyperstar cosmology is not presentable until an elegant
solution is found for this problem, and I don't anticipate finding one
quickly.  It may be that the oft-reported quantization of redshifts
has a bearing on this.  

The hyperstar is named "Hypatia", after the 6th-century scientist who
was martyred for her work.  This accounting has been posted as a
record of progress on this model.

Eric Flesch
Nelson, New Zealand
January 29, 1998